Frenemies in Othello by William Shakespeare - 1584 Words

â€Å"Friends, countrymen, lend me your ears.† This line is said by Mark Antony to garner the attention of his countrymen in arguably one of Shakespeare’s more popular plays, Julius Caesar. The iconic line is one of Shakespeare’s better known addresses. In his plays repetition functions as an indicator of something to which the audience should pay particular attention. Specifically, in the play Othello, the repetition of the word â€Å"friend† is relevant and draws the audience’s attention to relationships of a superficial or forced nature, as the relationship between Othello and Iago, Cassio and Bianca, and as a rhetorical device. Through close reading of the play, one sees that â€Å"friend† functions as a versatile device used for manipulation. In†¦show more content†¦Like Cassio, Emilia uses â€Å"friend† as a rhetorical device. After Othello tells Desdemona that she has been unfaithful, Desdemona is (understandably) moved and upset. Explaining the situation to Iago, Emilia defends Desdemona’s emotional reaction by saying, â€Å"Hath she forsook so many noble matches/ Her father and her country and her friends/ To be called a whore? Would it not make one weep?† (Shakespeare 4.2.129-131). Desdemona is bewildered and Emilia is being a true friend by defending her. Earlier mentioned in this paper, Brabanzio brings accompaniment to make his point about Othello enchanting Desdemona. Likewise, Emilia builds Desdemona’s case by bringing in the word â€Å"friends.† There is textual evidence from Brabanzio that Desdemona turned down many Venetian suitors. Quite obviously, Brabanzio is Desdemona’s father who was forsaken, and the country Desdemona forsakes is Italy because she married a moor. Though Othello’s origins are unclear yet he is a dedicated servant of Venice, one thing the play makes abundantly clear is that Desdemona is betraying her country by not marrying one of its natives. What is unclear is the use of â€Å"friends† since the audience is given the impression that Desdemona is very shy. Brabanzio even says his daughter is, â€Å"of spirit so still and quiet that her motion/Blushed at herself† (Shakespeare 1.3.95-96). She is of such a quiet nature that the smallest thing makes her blush,

Business Communications Essay - 1516 Words

THE IMPORTANCE OF WRITING SKILLS IN BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS: HOW AND WHY TO IMPROVE EMPLOYEES WRITING Abstract This essay describes how poorly written communication can lead to misunderstanding and a possible loss of business. Through this paper the author wants to persuade the employer to sponsor a workshop for all employees to improve their writing skills, to increase business communications and to avoid arguments through poor communication. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of writing skills and why business communication is important in any kind of business. What can your business achieve with good writing skills and what it the impact of good writing skills on business. THE IMPORTANCE OF WRITING SKILLS IN†¦show more content†¦When your employee is not a good business writer, it can affect your business in such a way that you will loose customers. Even inside the office amongst the employees, poor communication can arouse conflict due to misunderstanding. Poor business writing can cost the company a lot of money. If our employees are not able to understand or make them understood, the business is paying the price in lost time, lost customers and lost business deals. Success in any business depends on one thing: the ability and knowledge to communicate. The knowledge of good business writing is a very important factor and part of our day-to-day business. We have to understand and take some time in writing business letters. It will require a little planning and some thought, but for the company, it can make the difference between successful and failed business deals. We must not forget that our aim is to build a lasting relationship with our internal and external clients. Some people say that writing is the most important way to conduct business. Business writing can illuminate, clarify, and specify; it should also communicate and convince people to do business with a company. A good business letter should be friendly and approachable with simple words, in short sentences and brief paragraphs. If we start to write business letters like this, there will be a higher possibility that the letters and memos are actually read. We have to teach our employees that itShow MoreRelatedBusiness Communication4956 Words   |  20 PagesOverview Business communication (or simply communications, in a business context) encompasses such topics as marketing, brand management, customer relations, consumer behavior, advertising, public relations, corporate communication, community engagement, reputation management, interpersonal communication, employee engagement, and event management. It is closely related to the fields of professional communication and technical communication. According to Excellence in Business Communication Tenth editionRead MoreBusiness Communications2007 Words   |  9 Pages | |BTEC National Business |Unit 4 Business Communications. | |Learner name | Assessor name | Department | | |All Business Enterprise team |Y- CSI Read MoreBusiness Analysis : Business Communication Essay1539 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness communication Task 1 Types Business example Purpose Source Verbal- A spoken method of communication usually face to face e.g. a meeting with staff. Tesco staff meeting to organise a fundraiser for a nearby charity raising money for Cancer research. The purpose of this would be to invite support for activities e.g. Bag packing campaign or family fun day. Internal: Administration/marketing departments discuss how they will raise money for the charity. External: Local council. Tesco asksRead MoreBusiness Communication8242 Words   |  33 PagesIIBM INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Answer Sheet Business Communication Rahul Sancheti 14/07/2015 The Detailed study Of The Business Communication has Been Submitted To The IIBM Institute Of Business Management â€Æ' Answer Sheet Business Communication Section A: Objective Type Short Questions Part one: Multiple choice: 1. __________is an essential function of Business Organizations: a. Information b. Communication c. Power d. None of the above Ans:B 2. PhysiologicalRead MoreImportance of Business Communication1271 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of Business Communication In business, reputation and credibility need to be built up in order to get clients’ trust and confidence. Having a sense of professionalism will bring a lot to the business, especially in a long term relationship with employees and clients. There is a need to make sure that every business deal is attended to promptly. Business communication encompasses not only communicating with external contacts but also with employees within the organization. This willRead MoreRole of Communication in Business1086 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding the communication process in managerial position is very important. It guides the communicator in conveying the right message to the right recipient. The mode of communication determines the content of information channelled, and where the managers feel that the information is urgent; they will opt for the right means of communicating. According to the case study in consideration, effective communication leads to positive outcomes from the employees work. It boosts the loyalty displayedRead MoreThe Barriers Of Business Communication1268 Words   |  6 PagesBefore I will discuss how to overcome the barriers in business communication I will introduce the different barriers in global busin ess communication; 1) Physical barriers these are inadequate equipment such as out dated computer, phones with poor signal, background noise, poor lightning, temperature that is too high or too cold, tangible item that can interfere with communication. 2) Attitudes sometimes strong emotion like anger, sadness or happiness can take your objectivity. Also being nervousRead MoreEffective Business Communication4674 Words   |  19 PagesResearch Study on Effective Business Communication At American Express Financial Centre TABLE OF TABLE Table 1: Recruitment Methods 13 Table 2: Forms of written communication 15 Table 3: Formal Meetings 15 Table 4: External Communications 16 Table 5: Informal channels of communication 21 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS COMMUNICATION 6 LITERATURE REVIEW 6 PROBLEM OF STUDY 7 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY 7 KEY TERMS 8 BRIEF OUTLINERead MoreBusiness Communication M11862 Words   |  8 PagesM1 Business Communication INTRODUCTION In P1 I talked about types of communications used by Asda and these are Verbal, written, on- screen. In this task I am going to show you the advantages and disadvantages of each type of communication referring it to my chosen company and that is Asda. 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Java Declaration Statement Definition

One kind of Java statement is a declaration statement, which is  used to declare a variable by specifying its data type and name. Below are some examples of declaration statements. A variable, in relation to Java programming, is a container that holds values used in a Java program. Instead of defining a value over and over, a variable that has a value attached to it can be defined. Since variables must be given an initial starting value, you can see how that works in the examples on this page. Examples of Declarations in Java The following three declaration statements declare int, boolean and String variables: int number; boolean isFinished; String welcomeMessage; In addition to the data type and name, a declaration statement can initialize the variable with a value: int number 10; boolean isFinished false; String welcomeMessage Hello!; Its also possible to declare more than one variable of the same data type in one declaration statement: int number, anotherNumber, yetAnotherNumber; boolean isFinished false, isAlmostFinished true; String welcomeMessage Hello!, farewellMessage; The variables number, anotherNumber, and yetAnotherNumber all have int data types. The two boolean variables isFinished and isAlmostFinished are declared with initial values of false and true respectively. Finally, the String variable welcomeMessage is assigned the String value of Hello!, while the variable farewellMessage is simply declared as a String. There are also control flow statements in Java as well as expression statements.

Army Reserve - 1032 Words

Army Reserve: A Better Choice Stacy Tharpe Devry University With tensions building around the globe, it takes a multi-tiered force of highly trained, committed Soldiers to protect our freedoms and uphold democracy. This force consists of Active Duty Soldiers and Soldiers in the Army Reserve. (US Army) Many families struggle with the decision to enlist Army Reserve or Active Duty. Evaluating your current living situation can help in the final decision. Army Reserve allows you to serve your country while still having a civilian life. I believe Army Reserve is a better choice for someone with a family, despite the limited benefits, because it allows personal choice of living, more time with loved ones, and provides benefits. The Army†¦show more content†¦As a Soldier in the Army Reserve, you’ll earn money for education, cash bonuses, discounted health care, build retirement, and more. All while you pursue your civilian career or continue your education. (US Army) Being in the Army Reserve provides the time and freedom to further your education while taking advantage of the educational benefits provided. As a Soldier, you — and your family — are entitled to low-cost Army Reserve life, health and dental insurance. The Army has one of the biggest health care networks in the world, with state-of-the-art technology, world-renowned facilities, and some of the best and brightest staff in the industry. Just like your civilian job, the Army Reserve pays you for your hard work. However, unlike most civilian jobs, the Army also rewards you with thousands of dollars in bonuses on top of your salary. (US Army) Active Duty soldiers have full access to benefits without limitations. Active Duty soldiers receive basis allowance housing (BAH) to assist with the cost of living. The amount provided is determined by the size of the family and the location. Another benefit of being active is the health care coverage. When a soldier is active duty, they receive full coverage health care insurance at no cost. Unlik e being in the reserves, there is no minimum deductible or copay. Though Active Duty gets more benefits, theShow MoreRelatedArmy Rotc Is The Reserve Officer Training Core For The United States Army1465 Words   |  6 Pagescadet in the best military in the world. You are in Army ROTC. Army ROTC is the Reserve Officer Training Core for the United States Army. The focus of Army ROTC is to teach and instill the Army Values on the Officers of tomorrow while providing them with an education that will benefit them through their entire life. I have conducted an interview of three cadets of the University of Dayton’s Army ROTC program to try and better explain what Army ROTC is. They all elected to keep their anonymity soRead MoreHealth Care Institutions Of The Army Reserve And The National Guard2074 Words   |  9 PagesMedical rehabs are health care institutions that need to change to a new model. I have Identify the US Army and there many factors that we can look at everything from and individual level but more as how we look at each other, from Active Duty to the Army Reserve and the National Guard. I would examine for you these areas because in many ways the Regular Army see the Reservist and the National Guard as they don’t know what they are doing, but the active component don’t realize that the sameRead Morereserve army of labour Essay1804 Words   |  8 Pagesof doing the same workforce with men. Moreover, it is women who accept most part-time works and fill in those special areas like cashing (horizontal segregation). So, some experts suggest that in twenty-first century, women can be regarded as a ‘reserve army of labour’, prepared to get into the market when it is required. This essay will critically examine this idea by inducing several theories on women and work like Marxist views, and evaluate them afterwards. It is true that women are at an inferiorRead MoreMarx Theory Of Reserve Army Of Labour1500 Words   |  6 Pages, rather than reducing migration, economic development increases migration. Marx theory of reserve army of labour is central to what he has to say about capitalism and workers wages; the proletariat. Most migrants in society today migrate to the US and end up working in factories where they manage machinery. Marx theory illustrates how capitalist industries consists of two parts - the machinery and the workers. Capitalist industries expand by sukingin their workers to operate the machinery, uppingRead More join the army Essay884 Words   |  4 Pages I retired from the Army last year July 1, 2004. After spending 23 years in the Army, I would encourage any young man or woman to join. The Army was a great experience, and I would do it all over again if given the opportunity. The benefits I received made it well worth the occasional sacrifice. Some of the benefits are full t ime employment, money for college, free health care, Learning new skills, and the pride of knowing you are serving your country. While in the Army I earned decent money, 30Read MoreThe Application Of Mission Command Essay1194 Words   |  5 PagesThe Application of Mission Command Leading from the front is the best way to implement Commander s intent. According to The Army Doctrine Reference Publication 6-0, â€Å"The Commander drives the operations process through Understanding, Visualizing, Describing, Directing, Leading and Assessing the operational environment† Army Doctrine Reference Publication (ADRP 6-0, pg. 1-4) (2012). The Command Sergeant Major and Sergeant Major both echo the Commanders directives in driving the operational environmentRead MoreRole Of Women During World War II950 Words   |  4 Pagesutilizing women in the armed services. While not drafted, branches of military created women’s corps to free men to fight in the actual combat. More than 275,000 American women served in the Women’s Army Corps, the Navy’s Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service, the Marine Corps Women’s Reserve, and the Coast Guard’s SPARs. While this break from normal gender roles was considered a massive change in male exclusivity, the nation was not yet prepared for a fundamental change in these rolesRead MoreThe Profession Of Arms : An Effective Leader And Trainer1048 Words   |  5 PagesThe profession of arms has existed in the American military since its inception; it has evolved from the minuteman of the American Revolution to our modern professional army. But what is a professional? At its core, the professional is an expert in their area. They are the equivalent of a fine artisan they are not unskilled labor. The professional has special trust from the people who they serve. They are effective in their action through their efficiency. The professional is an effective leaderRead MoreThe National Guard Under The Framers Of Constitution897 Words   |  4 PagesIraqi and Afghanistan. the American military is divided into two categories theâ€Å"active duty†, which serves full time in the military and the National Guard, which consists of the Air force and Army this branch does not serve on a continuous basis and is governed by the state. The reserves consist of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines. These military officials serve part-time and are governed solely by the Department of Defense. the National Guard has consistently been governed by the militiaRead MorePaper On Sexual Assault1662 Words   |  7 Pageshelpful to have a basic understanding of the various military branches. There are three military departments overseen by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), which is led by the president-appointed Secretary of Defense. The Department of the Army oversees the Army; the Department of the Navy oversees the Navy and the Marine Corps; and the Department of the Air Force oversees the Air Force. The fifth and final branch of the military is the Coast Guard, which is overseen by the Department of Homeland

Lawyers, Scientists Urge Ethics in Biological Advances Free Essays

In this news article, the concerns of scientists toward an amoral approach to the advances of biological sciences and engineering are examined. Much of the article centers on a keynote address delivered by Harvard Law School professor Einer Elhauge where the professor states â€Å"The issue is that people tend not to focus on the consequences of certain forms of human re-engineering.† The professor goes on to comment that the great strides in biological science may yield a great number of advances in helping humanity overcome a number of diseases and afflictions, but he also acknowledges that there is great potential for abuse. We will write a custom essay sample on Lawyers, Scientists Urge Ethics in Biological Advances or any similar topic only for you Order Now Examples of such abuse include issues such as altering the sex of a child in the womb or even a deaf family biologically engineering the deafness of their offspring. Ultimately, the Elhuage’s focus is to convince the scientific community that, even though it has biological technology to alter evolution, it should use ethical standards before embarking on the proverbial â€Å"playing God† concept that Mary Shelly warned science about 250+ years ago. To a great degree, the article is accurate in terms of its presentation and call for moral and ethical consciousness. Just because science reaches the technological or biological advances of a highly evolved society does not mean that science can now re-orchestrate what is considered morally acceptable in the hearts and minds of the population. As such, science should understand the limits of ethical and moral behavior and not approach advancements with total mindlessness and amorality. Congressman Calls out Tech Firms on China Ethics. The bulk of the purpose of this article is to put the onus on American and international businesses to reconsider their actions when empowering China by conducting extensive business with the nation. In the article, it is reported that Congressman Chris Smith has taken internet companies such as Yahoo, Google, Sysco Systems, etc to task for going along with China’s internet censorship program. This may not seem like an entirely important issue, but one needs to keep in mind that China is primarily a military-industrial complex dictatorship that has a horrible record for human rights violations. As Smith points out, when American businesses work in tandem with nations with such abominable track records they enable such dictatorships and help perpetuate significant human rights violations. Furthermore, it is noted that journalists in China have been censured and punished and imprisoned for exercising their free speech. Smith suggests that American businesses that contribute to such a scenario should be fined and sanctioned. What Smith is essentially doing here is he is compelling American companies to conform to ethical standards of behavior and that is commendable. However, these companies have limited ability in terms of being able to shape domestic Chinese law. Furthermore, in such a highly competitive international business environment, it is difficult to impose ethics as defined by one nation onto another nation, no matter how noble the cause. Smith’s statements are commendable, but it is not entirely clear if they will be successful. Ethics board fines Dow for giving state workers airplane ride As the title of the article infers, the center of the ethics controversy this article deals with is a fine levied at Dow Chemicals to the tune of $2,500.00 for flying three state college employees to an out of state training program. At the time of the issue of contention, Dow was launching a co-operative training program with the state college (Louisiana Community and Technical College) and provided free airline tickets to employees for meeting purposes. This, however, was a violation of state ethic laws, hence the fine. This scenario strikes one as, well, silly. For Dow to compensate the airline tickets of three state workers so all parties can hash out a co-operative venture hardly seems like unethical behavior, although it is defined as such under state ethics laws. While the whole scenario comes off as much ado about nothing (actually, $2500 to a multi-billion dollar company such as Dow is basically nothing), it technically is a violation of state laws and the levied fine is valid. However, it does not seem like any real, serious ethical violations actually took place. If anything, the situation appears more like an error as the result of an oversight as opposed to a deliberate ethical violation. Oversights, however, are not an excuse for not following directions. In that regard, the decision against Dow was valid and the fine levied justified. Bibliography Anon. (2007, February 9) Ethics board fines Dow for giving state workers airplane ride. The Associated Press.   Retrieved February 12, 2007 from http://money.aol.com/news/ articles/_a/ ethics-board-fines-dow-for-giving-state/n20070209095709990003 Schwankert, Steven.   (2007, February 12) Congressman Calls out Tech Firms on China Ethics. IDG News Service, Retrieved February 12, 2007, from http://www.infoworld.com//07/02/12/HNcongressmanchinaethics_1.html/ article/ sourcedomain =www.dailyfreepress.com MIIHost=media.collegepublisher.com Zerey, Ralpha. (2007, February 12) Lawyers, Scientists Urge Ethics in Biological Advances. The Daily Free Press. Retrieved February 12, 2007, from http://media.www.dailyfreepress.com/media/storage/paper87/news/2007/02/12/ News/Lawyers.Scientists.Urge.Ethics.In.Biological.Advances-2712941.shtml? How to cite Lawyers, Scientists Urge Ethics in Biological Advances, Essay examples

Implications of Social Entrepreneurship-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a Research Paper with a Critical Analysis of real life Cases of Corporate Entrepreneurship. Answer: The essay is based on the subject entrepreneurship and innovation. Corporate entrepreneurship is the process of creating the new organisation or innovation in association with the existing organization and group of people (Kuratko et al. 2015). In any entrepreneurial activity, innovation is the intrinsic element. Creative thinking is correlated with the innovation, especially the ideas generation stage of the innovation process (Kuratko and Audretsch 2013). If an organisation defines innovation as critical for long-term success, or rewards individual innovation then it is considered as best practice. There are many barriers to innovation The essay explores the nature of creative thinking. A number of strategies are offered, that leaders may find helpful in their efforts to build a more creative and innovative enterprise. The essay is focused on critical analysis of research demonstrating depth and breadth of understanding of key concepts regarding innovation and corporate entrepreneu rship. The line of enquiry used for this purpose is- what are some of the barriers to corporate entrepreneurship being sustained in an organisation, and what kinds of strategies help to overcome those barriers? The essay critically analyses the real life cases of the corporate entrepreneurship in this regard as an example. Those organisations that were more creative and innovative are the ones that have succeeded in the long haul. These organisations use innovative ideas to develop unique product, application and service. For large companies, it is challenging to create new business. Cost cutting and downsizing have been problems since years. It is not an option to lose success. It is imperative from the advancement in technology and aging product portfolios that companies must create innovative business develop it and sustain the innovation. However, corporate entrepreneurship is risky job. There, are many barriers to the corporate entrepreneurship being sustained in the new organisation. Well established businesses when start their new ventures or business face the problem of two cultures. With the existing operations bulk of revenue is generated due to tuned support system in the organisation. In the well established organisations, efficiency, stability and incremental growth are the main executive goals. It is easy to predict the operating environment. This culture is different from the new business. New business may plan to offer cutting edging products. However, it may happen that in market place their technologies are not widely diffused and they lack hard data. It is common to have large errors as new businesses are not well defined and financial forecasts are undependable (Davidsson 2015). New ventures always require innovation which comes from fresh ideas and mavericks. Instead most leaders are trapped in unconventional thinking for instance, media companies distastes blogs. Too many radical ideas are foolish argued. According to Kuratko et al. (2015) it is c hallenging to fit between the old and new business. It holds true in regards to human resource management and budgeting. Some business design HR system in manner that is well suited to the well developed business. New corporations require entrepreneurial skills that are more strategic and conceptual. In conclusion the two culture problem is the barrier to sustain the corporate entrepreneurship. Not only the new but existing corporations also fail to sustain its corporate entrepreneurship due to traditional responses. Traditional strategies such as imposing aggressive targets lead to diffused responsibility. It is very commonly found that employees are promised to give compensation if they can contribute 30% of the sales from the product developed in last few years (2-3). Diffusing responsibility may fizzle out argued (Morgan and Sisak 2016). According to Mathias et al. (2015) this approach has drawbacks as new ventures may get dominated by the traditional ones. In case of veteran employees, it was observed that new ideas are suppressed by ignoring the incentives. It may be due to new ways of working or because it renders the old skills obsolete. It thus, acts as a barrier to the corporate entrepreneurship. This barrier can be well explained by discussing the example of US giant, RR Donnelley. RR Donnelley founded in 1864, is the largest printing company in US by revenue. The company provides, commercial printing, business communications, and marketing services. The organisation failed in its first attempt of making the digital printing popular. It was due to international resistance as per literature review. There was decrease in demand for paper and print. According to Sandler (2017) the sales managers were uncomfortable in selling the solutions to managers at senior level as demanded by the company. The sales people were accustomed to sell long term contracts. These contracts were sold to customers purchasing managers. It was possible due to the personal relationships with the clients and sold it on the basis of price per page. The management did not consider that the employees were uncomfortable selling solutions to senior managers. The employees also did not wanted to send orders its way or share the expertise with the digital printing division. There was no way the m anagement could point fingers at them as they were good with the numbers. It was indicative of poor commitment and was observed by one of the executive of Donnelley. These employees were resistant to the new business ideas. It was found that few managers were taking responsibility but only for the project that they viewed as diversions. In relation this case it was mentioned by DeTienne et al. (2015) that new ventures must fit with the product lines of the existing companies. Else it will be trouble finding an organisational home. It can be interpreted that the entrepreneurs may have overwhelmed the employees in the quest to create new ideas in Donnelley. Other barriers to sustain the corporate entrepreneurship were the out dated technology. As per the report of www.xerox.de (2017) the employees of R R Donnelley, complained that the policies of the company were not employee friendly and there was lack of transparency. There were no rewards and recognitions for the employee even when they gave their best performance. Most of the employees overworked and were underpaid. These factors acted as barriers to sustain the corporate entrepreneurship in this organisation. To sustain the corporate entrepreneurship, there is a need to balance the actions. The barrier to sustain the corporate entrepreneurships is the conflict between the old and the new cultures. Leaning too much in one direction may lead a company to lose the entrepreneurial equilibrium. There is a need of balance in three areas that are operations, strategies and organization. It is not possible to function with two opposing ideas at the same time (Bruton et al. 2015). This barrier can be well explained by the scandal of Enron. Enron grew its business without discipline. It did not measure progress with the nonfinancial milestones. It had no idea on when to pull the plug with the new or infant business. The company did not test its assumptions about products and services using prototypes. Before diving deep it failed to narrow the range of choices. These indicate the weak strategies (Investopedia 2017). According to Boddy (2017) Enron did not balance the operational experience with inv entions. The company invested in various new ventures but never shared the operational responsibilities. The leaders of the company were unethical. Profit maximisation was the only goal of the organization. The corporate entrepreneurship failed due to high level of ambiguity. Very soon the company with its cowboy culture led to loss of financial discipline and was devastated in 1990s. It made less strategic sense as the company pushed its executives for new trading ideas and rewarded them for same. This was based on tremendous success from its natural gas business. Consequently, it started to outpour its trading business such as broadband, pulp, paper, coal, water, semiconductors, data storage, and media services. It makes less financial sense and the climate of the organisation was affected by the negative attitude of the managers. Lack of creativity and innovation led to downfall of its company. It can be justified with the view of Krasniqi and Desai (2016), which says that, witho ut fresh thinking and innovative approaches to operations, it is not possible to have successful differentiations. It is evident from the Enrons case that the leaders were too inexperienced as they failed in innovativeness and risk-taking. Due to lack of innovativeness the organisation lost its entrepreneurship (Tang and Wezel 2015). There are many kind of strategies by which an organisation can sustain its corporate entrepreneurship. According to Townsend and Busenitz (2015) the evidenced based strategies to support the risk taking in rational manner are open communication system, participative collaborative management, constructive feedback that is developmental, recognition of the creative work and access to tools for solving problem innovatively. A well established business should avoid extreme behaviour. Only if efforts are taken to maintain the entrepreneurial equilibrium, the corporate entrepreneurship will flourish. It is recommended by Dutta and Folta (2016) that, an organisation should develop strategy by trial and error. Even the matured corporate entrepreneurs may not get it right in the first attempt as there is always ambiguity when trying something new in the organization. Managers must engage in experimenting with new ideas. They must validate and invalidate their strategies. There is a need of di sciplined planning with the open minded opportunism argued Bruton et al. (2015). It means that there is the need of coupling rigour and discipline with trial and error. For companies like Enron, it is recommended to formulate a hypothesis and test the hypothesis to ensure what is the right model or product for the successful business. It is also necessary to identify the customer needs to formulate hypothesis. To sustain the corporate entrepreneurship it is necessary to make choices that ensure it is advantageous for the business. The companies must identify the sectors that are worth pursuing. The technologies and the market should be combined with the best judgement of executives about the latest trends in the industry. Every well established company must try to expand itself by starting new line of business, expand to new region or country if it is considered having the potential to generate incremental sales at least $100 million in three times. For instance, went from idea to $1 billion in less than two years (Lindsey-Mullikin and Borin 2017). It is necessary to evaluate any new idea. Prototypes should be used to test any new business model before adopting it. It will help test the assumptions about the customer needs. It will help the potential users to give informed responses. Thus, it will give life to new products. To measure the business progress it is necessary to track through nonfinancial measures. The targets should be measurable. Traditional responses in most cases were found to fail. Most of the entrepreneurs are trapped in the conventional thinking. Unconventional thinking is needed for new ideas. It is also necessary to consider the social entrepreneurship that is solving problems by creating valuable solutions. Entrepreneurial activities should not be profit oriented (Zahra Newey and Li, 2014). Talking about R. Donnelley, it is transforming itself. It is striving to become the multi-channel communication company. It is planning to sell its customers both its print and digital media services. As per Sandler (2017), the company needs to focus more on the digital marketing and communications. The companion is implementing this recently. There is less dependence on the printing. This strategy is effective as there are many advantages with focus on the digital marketing and communications. To increase the revenue, it is planning to master the digital marketing. In 2015, this company was recognised as innovator for combining the digital/print communications. It ranked 47 in the InformationWeek Elite 100 list (www.piworld.com 2017). The company applied information technology in unconventional manner. Using the creative ay the company delivered extraordinary business value. It can be concluded that with the help of the innovation technology, the company turned to integrated communications services provider. Currently the company delivers and develops innovative communication solutions. For optimised communication the company merges the print and digital. It helps deliver integrated messagesacross multiple media. It reaches clients in virtually all sectors. This is the strategically located operations provide the responsiveness and the local services. This innovative strategy helped the company to leverage the economic benefits as well as the technical advantages of the global organisation. An organisation must build on its strengths. In order to get new advantages continuously, it must start with clean slate. If the corporations start making the decisions based on personal benefits, it will result in inappropriate processes, people, and systems. The same was the case of Enron. It was building on unethical leadership and considered it as strength, which led to its downfall. Working with the processes that are well proven to be profitable will save any organisation and sustain the corporate entrepreneurship. Implementing the proven processes with the combination of old and new ones is required. It will entail the blend of experience and invention. There is need of harvest strategy that does not sacrifice customers and products for profit earning (Korhonen et al. 2016). Innovation approaches is necessary for differentiation. For instance, Bill Gates took the senior team of the Microsoft to a week long retreats for a year. During this time the discussion was mainly focused on company and identification of the company threats. This was innovative strategy that will help in sharing the responsibility for critical choices. There is a need of changing the veterans thinking by altering the incentives and promotion criteria. It is called sharing the wealth with those who created it. Both Enron and R R. Donnelley, failed to use such innovative approaches to establish strong relationship with their employees. Leadership must promote high performance and instil a vision of greatness (Spinelli 2016). Conclusion The essay focused on critical analysis of research demonstrating depth and breadth of understanding of key concepts regarding innovation and corporate entrepreneurship. The essay discussed the barriers to corporate entrepreneurship being sustained in an organisation. The essay discussed the strategies helpful to overcome those barriers. The essay critically analysed the real life cases in this regard that are R. R. Donnelley and Enron. It can be concluded that in order to be successful with corporate entrepreneurship a company must not view the success as either-or proposition. There is a need of series of balancing acts. The management disciplines should be well combined with the entrepreneurship. It is evident from the critical analysis that an organization to sustain the entrepreneurship it is required to adopt short term and long term thinking and perfectly blend the established or proven and the new ideas. If an organisation defines innovation as critical for long-term success, or rewards individual innovation then it is considered as best practice. There are many barriers to innovation. A number of strategies are offered, that leaders may find helpful in their efforts to build a more creative and innovative enterprise. 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